🎓 Lesson 2
Prepositions, demonstrative pronouns, and possessive pronouns are the glue that turns isolated words into real sentences. Add the verb iść (to go) and you can already describe where things are and where you're headed.
🎧 Full Prerecorded Audio (Polish + English) (6:14 · pause/seek/rewind like a podcast)
Prepositions⏩ 0:00
Taught in short phrases, not as bare letters — "w", "z", and "o" are single sounds that are easiest to hear in context.
W domu
v DOH-moo
in the house / at home (w)
Na stole
nah STOH-leh
on the table (na)
Do szkoły
doh SHKOH-wi
to school (do)
Z tobą
z TOH-bohm
with you (z)
Od rana
ohd RAH-nah
since morning (od)
Dla ciebie
dlah CHEH-byeh
for you (dla)
Przez park
pshez pahrk
through the park (przez)
Pod stołem
pohd STOH-wem
under the table (pod)
Nad miastem
nahd MYAHS-tem
above the city (nad)
Przed domem
pshed DOH-mem
in front of the house (przed)
Za domem
zah DOH-mem
behind the house (za)
O tobie
oh TOH-byeh
about you (o)
Przy oknie
pshi OHK-nyeh
by the window (przy)
Między nami
MYEN-dzi NAH-mee
between us (między)
Obok szkoły
OH-bohk SHKOH-wi
next to the school (obok)
Naprzeciwko domu
nah-psheh-CHEEV-koh DOH-moo
across from the house (naprzeciwko)
Wśród ludzi
fshrohd LOO-dzhee
among people (wśród)
Demonstrative Pronouns (Ten / Ta / To / Ci / Te)⏩ 1:15
"This/these" changes form to match the gender and number of the noun it points to.
Ten pies
ten pyess
this dog (ten - masc.)
Ta książka
tah KSHYONZH-kah
this book (ta - fem.)
To dziecko
toh DZHETS-koh
this child (to - neut.)
Ci ludzie
chee LOO-dzheh
these people (ci - masc. personal pl.)
Te książki
teh KSHYONZH-kee
these books (te - other pl.)
Tamten dom
TAHM-ten dohm
that house (tamten - masc.)
Tamta szkoła
TAHM-tah SHKOH-wah
that school (tamta - fem.)
Possessive Pronouns (Mój / Twój / Jego / Jej / Nasz / Ich)⏩ 1:56
"My/your/his/her/our/their" — like demonstratives, these agree with the noun's gender.
Mój pies
mooy pyess
my dog
Moja książka
MOH-yah KSHYONZH-kah
my book
Moje dziecko
MOH-yeh DZHETS-koh
my child
Twój dom
tvooy dohm
your house
Twoja praca
TVOH-yah PRAH-tsah
your job
Jego samochód
YEH-goh sah-moh-KHOOT
his car
Jej kot
yey koht
her cat
Nasz dom
nahsh dohm
our house
Ich dom
eekh dohm
their house
Wasz dom
vahsh dohm
your (plural) house
Bonus Verb: Iść (To Go)⏩ 2:26
Pairs naturally with prepositions of motion — go do school, przez the park, and so on.
| Pronoun | Iść (To go) |
|---|---|
| Ja (yah) I | idę (EE-deh) I go |
| Ty (ti) You | idziesz (EE-dzhesh) You go |
| On (ohn) He | idzie (EE-dzheh) He goes |
| Ona (OH-nah) She | idzie (EE-dzheh) She goes |
| My (mi) We | idziemy (ee-DZHEH-mi) We go |
| Wy (vi) You all | idziecie (ee-DZHEH-cheh) You all go |
| Oni (OH-nee) They (masc/mixed) | idą (EE-dohm) They go |
| One (OH-neh) They (feminine) | idą (EE-dohm) They go |
Bonus Verb: Chcieć (To Want)⏩ 2:50
Combine with iść's infinitive "iść" for "I want to go...": Chcę iść do parku.
| Pronoun | Chcieć (To want) |
|---|---|
| Ja (yah) I | chcę (khtsen) I want |
| Ty (ti) You | chcesz (KHTSEH-sh) You want |
| On (ohn) He | chce (khtseh) He wants |
| Ona (OH-nah) She | chce (khtseh) She wants |
| My (mi) We | chcemy (KHTSEH-mi) We want |
| Wy (vi) You all | chcecie (khtseh-cheh) You all want |
| Oni (OH-nee) They (masc/mixed) | chcą (khtsohm) They want |
| One (OH-neh) They (feminine) | chcą (khtsohm) They want |
Bonus Verb: Widzieć (To See)⏩ 3:16
Rounds out the three most useful action verbs for describing your surroundings: go, want, see.
| Pronoun | Widzieć (To see) |
|---|---|
| Ja (yah) I | widzę (VEE-dzeh) I see |
| Ty (ti) You | widzisz (VEE-dzeesh) You see |
| On (ohn) He | widzi (VEE-dzee) He sees |
| Ona (OH-nah) She | widzi (VEE-dzee) She sees |
| My (mi) We | widzimy (vee-DZEE-mi) We see |
| Wy (vi) You all | widzicie (vee-DZEE-cheh) You all see |
| Oni (OH-nee) They (masc/mixed) | widzą (VEE-dzohm) They see |
| One (OH-neh) They (feminine) | widzą (VEE-dzohm) They see |
Location Vocabulary⏩ 3:43
Pairs naturally with the prepositions above.
Tutaj
TOO-tai
Here
Tam
tahm
There
BLISKO
BLEES-koh
Close
DALEKO
dah-LEH-koh
Far
Wszędzie
FSHEN-dzheh
Everywhere
Nigdzie
NEEG-dzheh
Nowhere
Negation⏩ 3:57
"Nie" before the verb negates the whole sentence.
To nie jest mój pies.
toh nyeh yest mooy pyess.
This is not my dog.
Nie idę do szkoły.
nyeh EE-deh doh SHKOH-wi.
I'm not going to school.
To nie jest dla ciebie.
toh nyeh yest dlah CHEH-byeh.
This is not for you.
Nie chcę tego.
nyeh khtsen TEH-goh.
I don't want that.
On nie idzie z nami.
ohn nyeh EE-dzheh z NAH-mee.
He isn't coming with us.
To nie jest nasz dom.
toh nyeh yest nahsh dohm.
This is not our house.
Questions⏩ 4:19
Question words like "gdzie" (where), "czyj" (whose), "co" (what), "dokąd" (where to), and "kto" (who) start most everyday questions.
Gdzie idziesz?
gdzheh EE-dzhesh?
Where are you going?
Czyj to pies?
chiy toh pyess?
Whose dog is this?
Co to jest?
tsoh toh yest?
What is this?
Dokąd idziemy?
DOH-kohnt ee-DZHEH-mi?
Where are we headed?
Kto to jest?
ktoh toh yest?
Who is this?
Targeted Practice Sentences⏩ 4:35
Mój pies jest w domu.
mooy pyess yest v DOH-moo.
My dog is at home.
To jest twoja książka.
toh yest TVOH-yah KSHYONZH-kah.
This is your book.
Jej kot lubi mleko.
yey koht LOO-bee MLEH-koh.
Her cat likes milk.
Idę do szkoły.
EE-deh doh SHKOH-wi.
I'm going to school.
Nasz dom jest duży.
nahsh dohm yest DOO-zhi.
Our house is big.
Idziemy do parku.
ee-DZHEH-mi doh PAHR-koo.
We're going to the park.
To jest dla ciebie.
toh yest dlah CHEH-byeh.
This is for you.
Jego samochód jest nowy.
YEH-goh sah-moh-KHOOT yest NOH-vi.
His car is new.
Ci ludzie są mili.
chee LOO-dzheh sohm MEE-lee.
These people are nice.
Idą do szkoły razem.
EE-dohm doh SHKOH-wi RAH-zem.
They're going to school together.
Chcę iść do parku.
khtsen eeshch doh PAHR-koo.
I want to go to the park.
Ona chce nowy dom.
OH-nah khtseh NOH-vi dohm.
She wants a new house.
Chcemy iść z tobą.
KHTSEH-mi eeshch z TOH-bohm.
We want to go with you.
Co chcesz robić jutro?
tsoh khtsesh ROH-beech YOOT-roh?
What do you want to do tomorrow?
Oni chcą iść do szkoły.
OH-nee khtsohm eeshch doh SHKOH-wi.
They want to go to school.
Chcę mój samochód.
khtsen mooy sah-moh-KHOOT.
I want my car.
Widzę twój dom.
VEE-dzeh tvooy dohm.
I see your house.
Ona widzi psa tam.
OH-nah VEE-dzee psah tahm.
She sees a dog there.
Widzimy szkołę stąd.
vee-DZEE-mi SHKOH-weh stohnd.
We can see the school from here.
Czy widzisz to tutaj?
chi VEE-dzeesh toh TOO-tai?
Do you see this here?
Tamten dom jest daleko.
TAHM-ten dohm yest dah-LEH-koh.
That house is far away.
Ta szkoła jest blisko.
tah SHKOH-wah yest BLEES-koh.
This school is close.
Nasz dom jest obok szkoły.
nahsh dohm yest OH-bohk SHKOH-wi.
Our house is next to the school.
Nie widzę nikogo wszędzie.
nyeh VEE-dzeh nee-KOH-goh FSHEN-dzheh.
I don't see anyone anywhere.
🎴 Flashcard Practice
Polish → English
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🧩 Interactive: Fill-in-the-Blank Quiz
Fill in the missing preposition, pronoun, or verb form, then check yourself.
___ domu. (w - in the house)
Idę ___ szkoły. (do - to school)
___ pies jest duży. (mój - my)
___ książka jest ciekawa. (ta - this, fem.)
To jest ___ dom. (nasz - our)
Oni ___ do parku. (idą - go)
___ stołem. (pod - under)
___ kot lubi mleko. (jej - her)
___ iść do parku. (chcę - I want)
Nie ___ tego. (chcę - want)
___ idziesz? (gdzie - where)
___ to pies? (czyj - whose)
Ja ___ twój dom. (widzę - see)
Szkoła jest ___. (blisko - close)
___ dom jest daleko. (tamten - that)
To jest ___ dom. (wasz - your pl.)
Learning Strategy
Prepositions and pronouns are the highest-frequency words in any language — you'll use "w", "do", "mój", and "ten" in almost every sentence you ever speak. Rather than memorizing them in a list, say them glued to a noun (w domu, not just w) so your mouth learns the natural rhythm, not just the isolated sound.